Terms starting with J

Cousin of the Prophet ﷺ and brother of Ali, called "at-Tayyar" (the flyer) for the wings Allah gave him in Paradise. He led the migration to Abyssinia.

The principal school of law of Twelver Shia Islam, named after Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq. It recognises additional sources such as the teachings of the Imams.

Hellfire — the abode of punishment in the Hereafter for those who reject faith and persist in sin; a place of severe torment and regret.

The seated position in prayer — between two prostrations, and during Tashahhud. A brief but essential moment for supplication and reflection.

Three stone pillars in Mina that pilgrims pelt with pebbles, symbolically rejecting Satan and re-enacting Ibrahim's rejection of temptation.

The state of major ritual impurity from sexual activity or wet dreams. Requires Ghusl (full bath) before prayer, Quran recitation, or entering the mosque.

The funeral prayer for a deceased Muslim, performed standing without Ruku or Sajdah; a collective obligation (Fard Kifayah).

Paradise — the eternal abode of bliss prepared for the believers in the Hereafter, containing rewards no eye has seen nor ear heard.

The principal cemetery of Medina, adjacent to the Prophet's Mosque, where many Companions and members of the Prophet's family are buried.

The science of "criticism and accreditation" — evaluating hadith narrators to declare them reliable or impugn their trustworthiness.

Concise, comprehensive supplications and sayings of the Prophet that gather vast meaning in few words — a distinctive gift granted to him.

Saying "JazakAllahu khayran" (May God reward you with good), the preferred way of thanking another person in Islam.

A long, loose outer garment covering the body, mentioned in the Quran as part of modest dress for believing women.

A historical per-capita tax levied on able-bodied non-Muslim men under Muslim rule, in lieu of zakat and military service, granting them protection.

The fifth month of the Islamic calendar.

The sixth month of the Islamic calendar, also called Jumada al-Akhirah.

The Friday congregational prayer that replaces Dhuhr; obligatory for adult Muslim men, preceded by a Khutbah sermon.

Al-Junayd al-Baghdadi (d. 910 CE), the "master of the masters" of Sufism, known for his sober, Sharia-centred spirituality.

One of the thirty roughly-equal parts into which the Quran is divided, to facilitate completing its recitation over a month (especially in Ramadan).