Terms starting with Q

Divine decree and predestination — belief that Allah knows, has written, wills, and creates all things; the sixth pillar of faith.

A judge in an Islamic court who applies the rulings of his school of law to settle disputes and administer justice.

One of the oldest and most widespread Sufi orders, founded on the teachings of Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (d. 1166 CE) of Baghdad.

Coffee, which originated in the Muslim world and spread from Yemen; its permissibility was debated by early scholars before becoming widely accepted.

The spiritual heart — in Sufism the seat of faith, perception, and the locus where the light of God is received; its purification is the path's core aim.

Echoing — a slight bouncing or vibrating sound produced when pronouncing five specific letters (qaf, taa, baa, jeem, daal) when they carry a sukoon.

A benevolent, interest-free loan repaid only in its principal amount; an act of charity encouraged in the Quran.

A skilled reciter of the Quran who has mastered the rules of Tajwid and recites with beauty. Renowned qaris are known for their melodious and precise recitation.

The legal maxims of jurisprudence — broad principles that summarise many rulings, such as "matters are judged by their intentions".

The direction toward the Kaaba in Mecca that Muslims face during Salah; established by Allah in Quran 2:144.

The authentic variant readings of the Quran — ten modes of recitation traced to the Prophet ﷺ, differing in minor pronunciation. Hafs is most widespread.

The standing position in Salah during which Surah Al-Fatihah and additional verses are recited; obligatory for those able to stand.

Analogical reasoning — extending a known ruling from the Quran or Sunnah to a new case sharing the same effective cause. The fourth source of Islamic law.

The first mosque built in Islam, on the outskirts of Medina. The Prophet said praying two units there equals the reward of an Umrah.

A special supplication recited in the obligatory prayers during a widespread calamity, invoking God's aid for the Muslim community.

The Day of Resurrection — when all creation will be raised, gathered, judged before Allah, and rewarded with Paradise or Hell. A foundational article of Islamic faith.